Bank Cost Accounting - 4758 Words

elevance of Managerial Concepts in the Banking Industry by Zabihollah Rezaee Ph.D., CPA, CMA, INTRODUCTION In the past, bank accountants paid little or no attention to the use of managerial accounting concepts in the banking industry. Viewing managerial accounting from the perspective of the banking industry provides a unique opportunity to explore the development of the internal reporting structure. While the use of internal cost and profitabiHty reports is widespread in merchandising, manufacturing, and other service industries, banks have historically focused only on overall profitability. The reason is simple. In the past, interest rates, branch locations, and service offerings were heavily regulated by the government; banks had little†¦show more content†¦Roosevelt Joseph G. and Johnson, David H. ttl. Managing Prontability Information; How to Develop a Framework for Success, Bankers Monthly Magazine, f^pnl 1986, pp. 30-31. 4. Faletti, Peter F., Are Your Branches Profitable? Do You Really Know? Savings Institutions, October 1986, pp. 88-95. 5. Chisholm, R.W., CA. and Duncan, G.K., A Product Profitability System for Improved Decision Making, The World of Banking, January-February 1985, pp. 27-33. 6. Faletti, loc. cit., p. 90. 4 JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT i ferent from manufacturers and merchandisers because they have no inventory of goods (other than supplies). Thus costs are charged to responsihility centers for performance evaluation. In a hank, for example, costs are charged to operations centers such as lending departments. Allocations are made from operational centers and non-revenue recording responsihility centers to revenue recording centers or profit centers. Allocations to profit centers include the expenses of operational support areas, administrative overhead areas, and charges for the use of funds that were raised hy other areas of the hank. Profit center reporting provides a foundation for responsihility-based hudgeting and, therefore, establishes a basis for measuringShow MoreRelatedHorngren Cost Accounting 14e Solution Test Bank Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesFull 23 chapters Horngren Cost Accounting 14e Solution Manual + Test Bank at https://sellfy.com/p/vB9y Cost Accounting, 14e (Horngren/Datar/Rajan) Chapter 12 Pricing Decisions and Cost Management Objective 12.1 1) Companies should only produce and sell units as long as: A) there is customer demand for the product B) the competition allows it C) the revenue from an additional unit exceeds the cost of producing it D) there is a generous supply of low-cost direct materials Answer:Read MoreSwot Analysis : Abc Costing System1605 Words   |  7 Pagesthe company reduce the cost from direct labour and material cost, but the indirect or overhead cost become significant high. Therefore, price decisions on each product become essential. 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Meanwhile, bank needs a credible statement to make sure their investmentRead MoreSap Fico1065 Words   |  5 PagesOFFER VAILD FOR VERY LIMITED SAP TOP JOB MATERIALS SAP TOP JOB MATERIALS Oriignall SAP TOP Or gna SAP TOP JOB MATERIALS JOB MATERIALS @ LOW COST @ LOW COST FICO CONFIGURATION FICO CONFIGURATION MATERIAL MATERIAL Latest Version 2010-2011 ALL 11 CDS @ $100 only ORIGINAL COST IS 629$ Contact ganesan_mani1985@rediffmail.com s SAP FICO Configuration Set (A set of 8 CDs) - Configuration Guides/End User Training/Presentation SAP FICO Consultant | ISBN: N/A | English | 2011 | PDF, DOCRead MoreEssay about Role of Managerial Accounting1112 Words   |  5 Pagesbusiness costs down which involve internal and external actions. For internal control, the accountant has a responsibility to monitor finances of a company. Other responsibilities include keeping track of liabilities, duties and taxes. Furthermore, analyses of measurement data on creditors or stockholders are also provided by an accountant. This essay will seek to prove that through principles of financial accounting, cost accounting and cost management, accountants can control the cost of businessRead More244142550 Principles Of Cost Accounting7232 Words   |  29 PagesPrinciples of Cost Accounting Vanderbeck 16th Edition Test Bank Click here to download the test bank INSTANTLY!!! http://www.solutionsmanualtestbank.com/products/2013/04/29/principles-of-costaccounting-vanderbeck-16th-edition-test-bank Principles of Cost Accounting Vanderbeck 16th Edition Test Bank Principles of Cost Accounting Vanderbeck 16th Edition Test Bank ***THIS IS NOT THE ACTUAL TEXTBOOK. YOU ARE PURCHASING the Test Bank in e-version of the following textbook*** Name: Principles of Cost AccountingRead MoreRole of Cost Accounting and Ethical Consideration1090 Words   |  5 PagesRole of Cost Accounting and Ethical Consideration Role of Cost Accounting and Ethical Consideration Introduction Cost accounting is used to help management understand how much it cost to run a business. Understanding the role of cost accounting is important when one is trying to put together a team of managers to help run the company. The CEO of a merchandising organization needs to hire a CFO to run the accounting system, but the CEO has little understanding of cost accounting. The CEORead MoreWhat Is Cost Management Accounting Reporting Systems1454 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Cost Management Accounting Reporting Systems? 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100 Careers in Film and Television by Kim Petrosky

With the majority of entertainment careers, starting low, aiming high, networking, talent, and luck are the key elements of succeeding. While no specific training is necessary to become a casting director or a talent agent, succession most likely will come with education, practice and the right skill set. To fully comprehend the industry, studying at a two or four year college that offers courses in film and theater arts, like acting and directing, as well as business management is necessary. Casting directors need to know how to negotiate and understand the complications of working with union employees. It’s also wise to take acting classes. Casting director Kim Petrosky states in her book 100 Careers in Film and Television that acting classes will help in understanding actors and the acting process, identify talent, and ease actors for better auditions. Talent agencies attract many applicants, but a degree will raise your chances of getting a job. According to the U.S. New University Directory, the favored degree varies with different agencies. Some employers desire graduates with business degrees, a bachelors or a masters degree, and a marketing specialty, if possible. Suggested courses include marketing, finance, and accounting. Other agencies would rather hire graduates with a bachelors degree in communications, advertising, or journalism, with courses in marketing, sales, and consumer behavior. Another possible degree is a bachelors in public relations, with

Common Problems of Belt Filter Press and the Corresponding Solutions Free Essays

Contact: Mr Wang Phone: +86-18903999962 EMAIL: Info@filterpress-china. cn Common Problems of Belt Filter Press and the corresponding solutions Common Problems of Belt Filter Press and the corresponding solutions 1. slurry passentrate filter cloth in a great quantity Maybe caused by: in-correct filter cloth model sizing Poor result for flocculation Shooting method: sizing filter cloth again and select right size and model by testing choose right flocculation agent and right tossing quantity. We will write a custom essay sample on Common Problems of Belt Filter Press and the Corresponding Solutions or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. ilter cloth bad washing result Maybe caused by: Low washing water pressure or few quantity for washing water washing nozzle was fulled by solids and spray water easily shooting method: increase washing water pressure or flow rate clean washing nozzle. 3. lways a great quantity of slurry leakage at the first at the first squeezing roller Maybe caused by: high squeezing pressure poor flocculant result too big flow rate for slurry feeding fast movement for squeezing belts Shooting method: decrease filter cloth tightening force choose right flocculant agent and most suitable flocculant quantity decrease slurry feeding flow rate decrease filter belt running speed. 4. filter cloth flapped Maybe caused by: less tightening force for filter cloth roller axle line are not horizontal Shooting method: adjust tighting force for filter cloth adjust axle line for rollers. 5. ilter cloth connector breakage Maybe caused by: poor holding force for filter cloth connector Shooting method: repair filter cloth connector. 6. filter cloth running in deviation but can’t be controlled easily Maybe caused by failure of anti-deviation system un-balanced degree for adjacent rollers Problem shooting method: reset,to shift the failure alarm adjust horizontal degree for rollers. 7. breakage for squeezing rollers Mainly caused by big filter cloth tightening pressure,or rollers was badly corrosive shooting method: decrease filter cloth tightening pressure repair or replace the rollers. How to cite Common Problems of Belt Filter Press and the Corresponding Solutions, Papers

Leadership in Business Multinational Level Operations

Question: Describe about the Leadership in Business for Multinational Level Operations. Answer: CEO of a multinational company: Presently in the era of globalization there is a significantly large number of organizations which are operating at a multinational level. Hence, it is quite evident that the connection between the countries is increasing with the passage of time. These will in turn eradicate the cultural difference between the countries. However, at the same time when the economic barriers are diminishing the cultural barriers may grow up (Chhokar et al., 2013). Therefore, it imposes new challenges as well as opportunities in front of the businesses. Therefore, in a situation like this it has been observed that a robust leadership among the CEOs of the multinational companies is the only way out for leading the businesses towards prosperity. There have been a number of leadership skills but among them three leadership skills have been identified as the perfect skills especially for the multinational companies. According to Agyapong and Boamah (2013), effective leadership in the multinational companies is a crucial element that will help these organizations to sustain in the environment of globalization. The universal role of leadership is important in almost at all the levels of management. It controls the cooperation between plans designing and implementation of policies (Longenecker Fink, 2015). Again, another important leadership role of CEO of a multinational company is to represent the organization properly. The prior importance of the leader is to communicate the rationale of the organization to the public outside. With th e help of the leadership traits possessed by a leader he or she amalgamates their personal goals of them with the organizational goals (Vaccaro et al., 2012). A leader motivates an organization by creating a unique environment with the help of their unique leadership styles. A company without proper direction, even a short term planning may lead the organization towards a black hole, which is capable of consuming a lot of time and energy. In an organization, a leader is responsible for generating vision along with the mission statement that will depict the way, following which the organization will be able to prosper in future (Harper, 2016). The leadership styles and quality should be implemented within a multinational corporation because it helps the organization to adopt an affiliative leadership style that helps to build emotional bonding with the specific focus on the fact that people comes first. According to Vaccaro et al., (2012), it is essential for a leader to embody more than one trait of leadership in order to become successful. Now, on the other hand, an effective leader is that person who is responsible for the future position of the company and they are responsible for the duty of changing the organization from an average situation to a great corporation. Now, as stated by Baxter and Al-A'ali (2014), the responsibility is the exact price for greatness. Hence, it can be said that leadership quality is an essential requirement for the CEO of any multinational company. In this section of the essay the requirements and roles of a leader at the same time the implementation of leadership techniques has also been discussed. At the end of the study, it can be concluded that leadership is essential for the multinational companies for achieving prosperity in near future (Vaccaro et al., 2012). Hospital emergency room: In the emergency room of a hospital, a lot of skills are necessary to ensure the effective operability of these functions. For example, appropriate skills are definitely required to intubate a patient diagnosed with respiratory disorder, diagnosing and treating the patients with heart attack and delivering a baby (YÄÂ ±ldÄÂ ±rÄÂ ±m Birinci, 2013). The leaders do not perform these tasks by themselves as the physicians do. It is the capability of an emergency doctor to team up successfully with the simultaneous medical processes such as surgical, social emergencies and psychiatric and at the same time managing the administrative and clinical activities of the emergency department (Chhokar et al., 2013). As per the previous research base on these issues states, that leadership in an emergency room of a hospital is a complicated process by the intriguing dichotomy between the need for planning the careful response and the spontaneity of unavoidable events. This is the reason for which the leaders in the genre of emergency services are always interested in establishing a direct link with the development of potential services in the emergency sector (Almog-Bareket, 2012). Given the fact that there is a substantial evidence of the presence of leadership characteristic among the health and business professionals, if parallels are drawn by keeping similarity, then it could have been observed that the leadership and education strategies, which are employed in the other sectors, can also be employed in the emergency sectors (Choi Kim, 2014). It has also been observed that in the emergency services settings, the dynamics of leadership will be greatly diversify if small teams are present there, multiple teams and multiple leaders will definitely require effective coordination (Goriwondo, 2013). Up till now, not much research has been conducted in this regard that the effect of alteration of these hierarchies on the leaders. To be very specific it can be said that in the field of emergency and medical services overlap often especially whenever there is a rise of a disaster or major disease (Chekwa et al., 2014). This also depicts the fact that these personnel will come under an over-arching structure of leadership that is specially designed to coordinate among the actions of both of these services. A broader understanding about the differences and similarities from the traditional model of leadership of both of these areas will help to develop a better system of coordination. On the contrary, it can also depict the barriers in establishing the over-arching leadership models for the purposes of managing both of these services roles at the same point of time (Mendenhall Osland, 2012). However, a better understanding of the attributes of effective leadership of both of these sectors would definitely ensure that both the emergency as well as the medical sector would able to achieve higher standard (Vaccaro et al., 2012). In order to conclude it can be said that the emergency services leadership should be enhanced in order to establish a proper coordination between the processes and functions that takes place within the emergency room. Hence, developing the leadership qualities within the emergency doctors is definitely necessary to ensure that proper emergency medical facilities will be rendered efficiently to those who are in need. Manager of an aged care home: With the passage of time the number of older people are increasing in the world and that is too combined with the lower ratio of working persons who are in the working age is raining the need for finding more efficient ways for the management of the aged care homes (Vaccaro et al., 2012). Leadership in the context of managing the aged care homes has been explained by using a number of approaches, skills, traits, styles and most common among them is the behavior. . in the context of styles, a number of different leadership styles have been identified such as: Democratic, autocratic, directive and participative, task-oriented, transactional and transformational. Mainly the aged care home can be handled by focusing on two styles. These are task-oriented leadership and relationship oriented leadership (Vaccaro et al., 2012). The task-oriented style of leadership includes planning of the work activities, clarifying the roles and the objectives as well. It also focuses on monitoring the operations and performance of the individuals. In contrast to this, the relationship-oriented style incorporates in itself the supporting behavior (consideration, concern, acceptance and concern for needs and considering the feelings of the subordinates), developing and recognizing (showing or passing of appreciation). There is a high level of relevance between the productivity and leadership style in the context of aged care homes, as quality of care is considered as an essential indicator of productivity. In this case context of study it has been evaluated that the task oriented leadership taken together with the relationship oriented leadership styles are related systematically with the productivity. The effectiveness of the task oriented leadership style on the productivity is systematically associated (Vaccaro et al., 2012). However, it has also been observed that the effect of adapting one style does not eradicate the effect of the other style, but they complement each other. It has been a widely researched issues that the need of leadership for the quality of the aged care systems. However, the particular style of leadership essential for influencing the quality of care in the aged care industries (Vaccaro et al., 2012). Although there are other studies as well, that has focused on the leadership techniques, which are already applied in the aged acre houses. These leadership techniques when evaluated it has been found that these are of either task oriented leadership or relationship oriented leadership. In some cases, there are aged care homes that applies a combination of these two leadership style sat the same time (Vaccaro et al., 2012). In order to conclude it can be said that the essay has focused briefly on the three topics associated with leadership. In every cases the role and need of a leader is discussed and then the effective implementation style is also mentioned in this essay. While conducting the study a vast range of literature available in this regard has been evaluated and this has helped the researcher to gin a broader knowledge about this concepts. On the light of the knowledge gained by doing the literature review all of the questions associated with these concepts have been answered. Reference List: Agyapong, A., Boamah, R. B. (2013). Business strategies and competitive advantage of family hotel businesses in Ghana: The role of strategic leadership.Journal of Applied Business Research,29(2), 531. Almog-Bareket, G. (2012). Visionary leadership in business schools: an institutional framework.Journal of management development,31(4), 431-440. Baxter, J., Al-A'ali, H. (2014). 'Your situation is critical...': the discursive enactment of leadership by business women in Middle Eastern and Western European contexts.Gender Language,8(1). Chekwa, C., Ouhirra, L., Thomas, E., Chukwuanu, M. (2014). AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP ON BUSINESS ETHICS: EMPIRICAL STUDY.International Journal of Business Public Administration,11(1). Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013).Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Choi, S. I., Kim, D. I. (2014). A Study on The Effect Business Performance of Leadership on Global Corporate.Journal of Digital Convergence,12(10), 191-199. Goriwondo, W. M. (2013). Transformational Leadership and Business Growth. Harper, J. (2016). Australia Webinar: Inclusive Leadership: A Business Imperative.Catalyst. Longenecker, C., Fink, L. S. (2015). Exceptional HR leadership rests on four foundations: Business acumen, trust, expertise and culture make up the cornerstones.Human Resource Management International Digest,23(1), 21-24. Mendenhall, M. E., Osland, J. (2012).Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Routledge. Vaccaro, I. G., Jansen, J. J., Van Den Bosch, F. A., Volberda, H. W. (2012). Management innovation and leadership: The moderating role of organizational size.Journal of Management Studies,49(1), 28-51. YÄÂ ±ldÄÂ ±rÄÂ ±m, N., Birinci, S. (2013). Impacts of organizational culture and leadership on business performance: A case study on acquisitions.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,75, 71-82.

Factors Affecting Selection of Brand Ambassador free essay sample

Factors to be considered while choosing right brand ambassador In collaboration with Claudia de Pretto, e-Luxury Specialist at IC-Agency Global companies have long understood the power and impact of associating popular personalities with their brand name and products. Most will agree that a successful brand ambassador can make or break a new product launch, or even catapult a company into a new era of exponential revenues after a long drought of fading brand clout. But these days choosing a brand ambassador isn’t what it used to be. Now, with the rapid diffusion of information made possible through the Internet, companies are seeing the dangers of making hasty decisions to link their products to public figures. In the past, reputations were not etched in stone, but were relatively stable and slow to change. Conversely, these days what goes around still comes around, only now this happens at the speed of light and travels to the ends of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Affecting Selection of Brand Ambassador or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page More than just a pretty face In the watch industry, brand ambassadors have proven themselves a weighty yet worthy investment. Whether on the playing field, in the arts or simply in the world of beautiful people, brand ambassadors have measurable positive impact on a company’s bottom line. But their influence can be short-lived, and being in the public eye makes them the perfect target for increased scrutiny and attacks on their reputation. Traditional popularity life cycles have been distorted by the global reach of the Internet. What’s more, country variances in consumer opinion, rumours and scandals can be exposed and spread at a phenomenal rate. Too many variables, too little time So, given the investment, vulnerability and revenue-generating potential riding on the decision, how do watchmakers choose? Surprisingly, most brands admit to a selection process that combines a mix of networking, personal contacts and traditional market research, with a dab of ‘CEO’ feeling to finalize the decision. While this approach has produced some highly recognized success stories, companies have little information to address some tough issues: how long will this sports star’s winning streak last? What specific consumer groups emulate this model? What are this actor’s political affiliations? What stereotypes surround this individual? Selection, validation and reporting minimizing risk and maximizing return By gathering insights on proposed ambassadors in key markets in the online arena, some visionary companies are now making more informed and successful choices. Upstream, using online strategic insights in the initial selection process generates higher quality short-lists, minimizes risk, and makes the selection process and media planning more efficient and successful. Further downstream popularity, reach, brand recall and campaign timing are confirmed through country-specific monitoring of an ambassador’s impact and reputation. Moreover, having access to a measure of a potential ambassador’s reach and clout in key markets can serve as an excellent negotiating tool. And making the right choice from the start will protect a company from the costly legal fees involved in prematurely ending a contract. Proactively influencing the conversion process The primary role of the brand ambassador is to personify the values intrinsic to the brand and evoke the dreams associated with owning the product. As such, he or she must demonstrate a trend of increasing popularity and notoriety in the markets where the advertising and promotion will be visible in order to reach the projected target groups effectively. In the pre-Internet era, the notoriety of the ambassador would be the magnet to attract a qualified target group to appropriate the brand. The conversion process would start with a prospect’s desire to purchase a certain type of product. The consumer’s ultimate choice of brand and model would then be influenced to some degree by identification with the brand ambassador. Now, the advent of online technologies has added another dimension to the equation. Whereas in the past the brand ambassador’s impact was more to confirm a specific brand or model, now it can serve to evoke awareness of the existence of a product, stimulate desire to purchase, then convert. Online, a well-chosen brand ambassador can awaken desire for a product in previously ‘uninterested’ consumers through generic searches on the ambassador’s name or associated activities. In this way, not only direct keyword searches on the brand or product lead to conversions, but non-product-related searches as well. Online, it is the ambassador’s ‘aura’ that acts as the magnet to attract a target group to desire and appropriate the product. The Internet creates propitious ‘product placement’ opportunities to build on the emotion and psychological impulse associated with emulation of the brand ambassador. By means of an innocent forum search, an overzealous fan can be diverted onto the company website and transformed into a passionate consumer with just a few clicks of the mouse. The right choice and the right management Adopting a brand ambassador in the watch industry has become more than an accepted practice. Now with mounting competition and global distribution, it’s time for proactive watchmakers to move beyond name-dropping and capitalize on their investments. By integrating online insights into the selection and validation process, marketers can advance to the next level of campaign optimization, seizing every opportunity to promote the ambassador-product association for maximum return. And with the current trend of asking the Internet public for marketing and innovative product ideas, we can expect the next generation of brand ambassadors to be chosen and promoted by online communities themselves. New game, new rules†¦ How one visionary watchmaker stays on target – Raymond Weil and Charlize Theron In collaboration with IC-Agency, a Geneva-based Internet specialist, independent watchmaker Raymond Weil is monitoring the impact of its ambassador campaigns in key markets. The agency’s proprietary technologies, IC-DemandTracker and IC-Insights, are allowing its clients to evaluate and optimize campaign effectiveness: has the product been successfully linked to the ambassador? How have popularity ratings evolved since the onset of the collaboration? Which countries are best responding to the campaign and when? For IC-Agency, this proactive management is the wave of the future for companies to fully exploit endorsement opportunities and get the best return on investment. (P. M. ) Exploiting the popularity life cycle online Online communities could help companies promote new products through a type of ‘viral marketing’. By capitalizing on interest-led online searches, entire online consumer communities can be moved to federate around an ambassador-associated product. In turn, these communities propagate the dream via their own online ‘hype’ and spread their influence via privileged personal networks. Targeting audiences already devoted to their chosen ambassador means that companies can maximize their return on investment and more quickly amortize media production costs and ambassador fees. Depending on the demographics of the target audience, marketers can use online channels such as ethnic, music, or sports communities to get their message to the most influential consumers at the most opportune time.

The Battle of the Alamo

The Battle of the Alamo The Battle of the Alamo was fought on March 6, 1836, between rebellious Texans and the Mexican army. The Alamo was a fortified old mission in the center of the town of San Antonio de Bà ©xar: it was defended by about 200 rebellious Texans, chief among them Lt. Colonel William Travis, famed frontiersman Jim Bowie and former Congressman Davy Crockett. They were opposed by a massive Mexican army led by President/General Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna. After a two-week siege, Mexican forces attacked at dawn on March 6: the Alamo was overrun in less than two hours. The Struggle for Texas Independence Texas was originally part of the Spanish Empire in northern Mexico, but the region had been inching towards Independence for some time. English-speaking settlers from the USA had been arriving in Texas since 1821, when Mexico gained its independence from Spain. Some of these immigrants were part of approved settlement plans, like the one managed by Stephen F. Austin. Others were essentially squatters who had come to claim unoccupied lands. Cultural, political and economic differences separated these settlers from the rest of Mexico and by the early 1830s there was much support for independence (or statehood in the USA) in Texas. Texans Take the Alamo The first shots of the revolution were fired on October 2, 1835, in the town of Gonzales. In December, rebellious Texans attacked and captured San Antonio. Many of the Texan leaders, including General Sam Houston, felt that San Antonio was not worth defending: it was too far from the rebels power base in eastern Texas. Houston ordered Jim Bowie, a former resident of San Antonio, to destroy the Alamo and retreat with the remaining men. Bowie decided to remain and fortify the Alamo instead: he felt that with their accurate rifles and a handful of cannons, a small number of Texans could hold the city indefinitely against great odds. Arrival of William Travis and Conflict with Bowie Lt. Colonel William Travis arrived in February with about 40 men. He was outranked by James Neill and, at first, his arrival caused no great stir. But Neill left on family business and the 26-year-old Travis was suddenly in charge of the Texans at the Alamo. Travis problem was this: about half of the 200 or so men there were volunteers and took orders from no one: they could come and go as they wished. These men basically only answered to Bowie, their unofficial leader. Bowie didnt care for Travis and often contradicted his orders: the situation became quite tense. Arrival of Crockett On February 8, legendary frontiersman Davy Crockett arrived at the Alamo with a handful of Tennessee volunteers armed with deadly long rifles. The presence of Crockett, a former Congressman who had become very famous as a hunter, scout, and teller of tall tales, was a great boost to morale. Crockett, a skilled politician, was even able to defuse the tension between Travis and Bowie. He refused a commission, saying that he would be honored to serve as a private. He had even brought his fiddle and played for the defenders. Arrival of Santa Anna and the Siege of the Alamo On February 23, Mexican General Santa Anna arrived at the head of a massive army. He laid siege to San Antonio: the defenders retreated to the relative safety of the Alamo. Santa Anna did not secure all the exits from the city: the defenders could have crept away in the night had they wished: instead, they remained. Santa Anna ordered a red flag flown: it meant that no quarter would be given. Calls for Help and Reinforcements Travis busied himself sending out requests for help. Most of his missives were directed to James Fannin, 90 miles away in Goliad with about 300 men. Fannin did set out, but turned back after logistical problems (and perhaps the conviction that the men in the Alamo were doomed). Travis also begged for help from Sam Houston and the political delegates at Washington-on-the-Brazos, but no help was coming. On March first, 32 brave men from the town of Gonzales showed up and made their way through the enemy lines to reinforce the Alamo. On the third, James Butler Bonham, one of the volunteers, valiantly returned to the Alamo through enemy lines after bearing a message to Fannin: he would die with his comrades three days later. A Line in the Sand? According to legend, on the night of the fifth of March, Travis took his sword and drew a line in the sand. He then challenged anyone who would stay and fight to the death to cross the line. Everyone crossed except for a man named Moses Rose, who instead fled the Alamo that night. Jim Bowie, who by then was in bed with a debilitating illness, asked to be carried over the line. Did â€Å"the line in the sand† really happen? No one knows. The first account of this courageous story was printed much later, and it’s impossible to prove one way or another. Whether there was a line in the sand or not, the defenders knew that they would likely die if they remained. The Battle of the Alamo At dawn on March 6, 1836 the Mexicans attacked: Santa Anna may have attacked that day because he was afraid the defenders would surrender and he wanted to make an example of them. The Texans’ rifles and cannons were devastating as the Mexican soldiers made their way to the walls of the heavily fortified Alamo. In the end, however, there were just too many Mexican soldiers and the Alamo fell in about 90 minutes. Only a handful of prisoners were taken: Crockett may have been among them. They were executed as well, although women and children who were in the compound were spared. Legacy of the Battle of the Alamo The Battle of the Alamo was a costly win for Santa Anna: he lost about 600 soldiers that day, to some 200 rebellious Texans. Many of his own officers were appalled that he did not wait on some cannons that were being brought to the battlefield: a few days bombardment would have greatly softened up the Texan defenses. Worse than the loss of men, however, was the martyrdom of those inside. When word got out of the heroic, hopeless defense mounted by 200 outnumbered and poorly armed men, new recruits flocked to the cause, swelling the ranks of the Texan army. In less than two months, General Sam Houston would crush the Mexicans at the Battle of San Jacinto, destroying a large part of the Mexican army and capturing Santa Anna himself. As they ran into battle, those Texans shouted, Remember the Alamo as a war cry. Both sides made a statement at the Battle of the Alamo. The rebellious Texans proved that they were committed to the cause of independence and willing to die for it. The Mexicans proved that they were ready to accept the challenge and would not offer quarter or take prisoners when it came to those who took up arms against Mexico. Mexicans Supporting Independence One interesting historical note is worth mentioning. Although the Texas Revolution is generally assumed to have been stirred up by Anglo immigrants who moved to Texas in the 1820s and 1830s, this is not entirely the case. There were many native Mexican Texans, known as Tejanos, who supported independence. There were about a dozen or so Tejanos (no one is certain exactly how many) at the Alamo: they fought bravely and died with their comrades. Today, the Battle of the Alamo has achieved legendary status, particularly in Texas. The defenders are remembered as great heroes. Crockett, Bowie, Travis and Bonham all have many things named after them, including cities, counties, parks, schools and more. Even men like Bowie, who in life was a con man, brawler and slave trader, were redeemed by their heroic death at the Alamo. Several movies have been made about the Battle of the Alamo: the two most ambitious were John Waynes 1960 The Alamo and the 2004 film of the same name starring Billy Bob Thornton as Davy Crockett. Neither film is great: the first was plagued by historical inaccuracies and the second just isnt very good. Still, either one will give a rough idea of what the defense of the Alamo was like. The Alamo itself is still standing in downtown San Antonio: its a famous historical site and tourist attraction. Sources: Brands, H.W. Lone Star Nation: the Epic Story of the Battle for Texas Independence. New York: Anchor Books, 2004.Flores, Richard R. The Alamo: Myth, Public History, and the Politics of Inclusion. Radical History Review 77 (2000): 91–103. Print.-. Memory-Place, Meaning, and the Alamo. American Literary History 10.3 (1998): 428–45. Print.Fox, Anne A., Feris A. Bass, and Thomas R. Hester. The Archaeology and History of Alamo Plaza. Index of Texas Archaeology:  Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State (1976). Print.Grider, Sylvia Ann. How Texans Remember the Alamo. Usable Pasts. Ed. Tuleja, Tad. Traditions and Group Expressions in North America: University Press of Colorado, 1997. 274–90. Print.Henderson, Timothy J. A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and its War with the United States. New York: Hill and Wang, 2007.Matovina, Timothy. San Fernando Cathedral and the Alamo: Sacred Place, Public Ritual, and Construction of Meaning. Journal of Ritual Studies 12.2 (19 98): 1–13. Print.

The relation between IM, Information Security and HRM Essay

The relation between IM, Information Security and HRM - Essay Example Software assurance is another aspect of information security. Software vulnerabilities can jeopardize intellectual property, consumer trust, business operations and services, thus the use of any software by the organization has to be in conjunction with the information security department, and these among others are some of the key roles information security plays in the safeguard of information in the Human resource departments. The paper also emphasizes the involvement of the top management in making information security an important part of the organization culture, need to establish a clear and effective information security policy and guidelines for employees. The absence of information security measures not only lead to theft, but the organization could suffer damage with minimal legal redress against the individuals concerned. In the end the paper discusses the need for an accurate measurement system and a continuous improvement policy to ensure the organization is abreast wit h the dynamic nature of the issue and is prepared to meet newer security concerns. Introduction Information management is a very vast concept; it includes a cycle of processes that supports firm’s learning activity by identifying, organizing, storing, processing and acquiring information (Choo, 1995). Information is one the most fundamental resources of an organization, one that needs to be managed like any other resource, like plant, equipment or people. Â  Forward-looking companies consider information as a strategic asset that can be leveraged into a competitive advantage in the markets served by the company (Karim & Hussein, 2008). Information, being such an important resource in an organization,... The paper affirm that the value of a firm’s investment in information security can be measured by examining the stock market investor’s behaviours towards firms IT security investment announcements. In examining the current business environment and the risks associated with it, it is important to include the role of Internet. The internet is one of the most critical infrastructures of a modern business. Firms have to take into account the broader picture when it comes to information security. Management of information in an effective manner is the only way to secure information. Board involvement is an absolutely critical issue and the top management should always play an active role in the formulation of the information security policy. Most of the times, the board members are not up to speed with the technology systems being used in the organization and what kind of attacks the company is vulnerable to. The board needs to be updated on the information security systems at least on a quarterly basis so that adequate measures can be taken to upgrade the systems, with the fast changing technologies; it has become imperative to remain in constant touch with the risks that the changing technological environment possesses. Comprehensive information security policies are well written, responsibilities are assigned and roles well outlined. Human resource department is responsible for managing human capital of an organization.